Contribution to Knowledge of Calves and Cows Disorders in Tie Stalls Housing System

The intensive rearing of cattle includes a whole range of technological processes that should enable continuous production and optimal use of production capacity. In such circumstances, newborn calves have to adapt to different environmental factors, including diet. The technology of growing calves diet was initially based solely on feeding colostrum and then milk. After that, the food introduced other feed (hay, feed mixture), to a three-month milk completely excluded from the diet. Colostrum contains proteins, essential and not essential amino acids, fatty acids, lactose, vitamins, macroand microelements. In addition, colostrum contains non nutritive ingredients like immunoglobulins, peptides, hormones, growth factors, cytokines, steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, nucleotides, polyamines and the enzymes [1-3]. At high-yielding dairy cows metabolic disorders such as ketosis, fatty liver syndrome, puerperal paresis, rumen acidosis and laminitis, have been caused by many factors, such as unbalanced diet and inadequate breeding [4-10]. The aim of this letter is to provide information on health status of calves and high-yielding dairy cows on farms with tie-stalls housing system.